A smart home is a dwelling equipped with advanced technology that allows for the automation and remote control of various household devices and systems, such as lighting, heating, security, entertainment, and more. There are two main types of smart home systems: wire and wireless. Wire smart homes are typically more expensive to install, as they require a significant amount of rewiring to accommodate the additional technology. However, once installed, wire systems offer greater reliability and security than wireless systems. They also provide more opportunities for customization and integration with other home automation systems. Wireless smart homes, on the other hand, are generally more affordable and easier to install. They rely on Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other wireless technologies to communicate with devices and appliances, allowing for greater flexibility and convenience. However, they can be more prone to signal interference and may require frequent maintenance to ensure optimal performance. Both wire and wireless smart home systems offer numerous benefits, including increased energy efficiency, enhanced security, and greater comfort and convenience for homeowners. Ultimately, the choice between wire and wireless systems will depend on individual needs, preferences, and budget constraints.

Recently, wireless power transfer (WPT) system has been widely used due to the shortcomings of fossil fuels and environmental pollution caused in electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, passive sensors, portable lights, etc... However, WPT system faces potential challenges such as power losses due to transfer distance and misalignments or orientation between the transmitter and receiver coils. Thus, the demand of a stable, low cost and efficient WPT system is increased. In this project, a near field resonant inductive WPT charging system composed with a BOOST converter is presented. The series-series S-S capacitor compound compensation topology network is used. The design is composed of a full-bridge inverter and LC resonance circuit at the transmitter side, and LC resonance circuit, full-bridge rectifier, smoothing filter and a BOOST converter at the receiver side. The DC current from DC power Supply inters a bridge inverter. At the Bridge inverter converts the DC current to AC with frequency of 50KHz. Then the AC current passes to LC resonance circuit (Resonance transmitter). The generated magnetic field provides a current at the receiver coil wirelessly. The received AC current is converted from AC to DC. The resulted wave has high ripple thus, a smoothing filter is used. After that, the boost amplified the input voltage to 24V. The boost has an IP controller that controls the duty cycle of the boost. The duty cycle controls the amount of amplifying with utilize a stable output. The boost converter is the simplest way to increase the voltage of a DC supply which is not possible with the help of the transformers, with the advantages of promises high efficiency, simplicity and low cost. The design is simulated using MATLAB software. The effect of varying Vin (where changing the input voltage affects the transmitted power thus, it is similar to the distance effect) is studied. The results show the stability of the output voltage where the output voltage maintained at 24 V while varying Vin from 30 to 50 V ( the distance). Indeed, stability of both the output power and the efficiency at different V in values is noticed. Where a sufficient values are achieved of both of them . The output power is around 29.6 W with efficiency of 99.88%. Moreover, the effect of varying the load resistance is studied. Different load resistance are used to present different loads. The results show that the output voltage remains stable at 24 V while increasing the load resistance from 10Ω to 35Ω due to the Boost converter composed with the PI controller. Although the current is decreased which decreases the output power, the efficiency remains high and stable (99.83%) by increasing RL. The proposed prototype provides an efficient WPT system with stable output voltage and high efficiency. The design is efficient, simple and inexpensive. Thus, it can be used as a base to advance WPT charging systems. With the availability of capabilities, this prototype can be applied to real applications such as charging electrical veiachles while standing or while slow movement specially for Taxi.

Power factor is an indicator of the power system efficiency as efficient generation of power at present is crucial because wastage of power is a global concern. The increase in inductive loads using by utilities and industrial applications leads to poor power factor which causes increase of line current, resulting in more line losses and greater voltage drop, which result in weak reliability, safety problems, and higher energy cost. Various methods have been developed to tackle this problem; actually power factor correction is usually achieved by adding capacitive load to offset the inductive loads present in the system. The chief aim of this project is to build a three phase automatic power factor correction panel based on optimization method which chooses the most appropriate combination of capacitors to improve the power factor to reach a reference specified level. The general modified optimization method reduces the number of switching contactors operation by 4 times at Least -until the third dynamic power factor correction- comparing with stages method (checks and modify). Moreover, it obtains the least possible transient by using different operation techniques of inserting or removing capacitors in order to achieve greater accuracy and stability while maintaining both of them at acceptable rates.

Greenhouse automation using ESP32 is a novel approach to achieving optimal plant growth by monitoring and controlling the environmental parameters of a greenhouse. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the various aspects of greenhouse automation using the ESP32 microcontroller. The research covers the design, development, and implementation of a greenhouse monitoring and control system using the ESP32. The system includes sensors for temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, which are used to collect real-time data from the greenhouse. The data is then processed and analyzed using the ESP32, and the system controls the environmental parameters of the greenhouse accordingly. This automation process ensures that the plants receive the optimum conditions for their growth and development. The study also investigates the performance of the ESP32-based system in comparison to conventional greenhouse monitoring systems. The results indicate that the ESP32-based system offers better accuracy and reliability in monitoring and controlling the environmental parameters of the greenhouse. The study also highlights the potential of the ESP32-based system for future research in the field of greenhouse automation. In conclusion, this study provides a valuable contribution towards the development of an efficient and cost-effective greenhouse monitoring and control system using the ESP32. The system has the potential to significantly improve the yield and quality of crops grown in greenhouses, and thus, it is an important step towards sustainable agriculture.

This abstract presents the design approach and implementation of an electrical installation with an integrated photovoltaic (PV) system for a school. The objective of this project was to create an energy-efficient and sustainable solution that meets the power requirements of the school while reducing its environmental impact. The design process began with a comprehensive assessment of the school's energy needs, including lighting, computer labs, and other electrical loads. Based on the load analysis, a robust electrical distribution system was designed, taking into account safety standards, load balancing, and future expansion requirements. The PV system design involved determining the optimal configuration and capacity of solar panels to generate a significant portion of the school's electricity demand. Factors such as available rooftop space, orientation, shading, and local climate conditions were considered to maximize the system's efficiency and energy output. The selection of high-quality PV modules, inverters, and other balance-of-system components was crucial to ensure reliable and long-term performance. To integrate the PV system seamlessly into the electrical installation, an efficient energy management system was implemented. This system incorporated a smart monitoring and control system that enabled real-time monitoring of energy generation, consumption, and battery storage. It facilitated load management, prioritization of renewable energy utilization, and grid interaction, ensuring optimal utilization of the PV system's output. The implementation of the integrated electrical installation and PV system resulted in several benefits for the school. It significantly reduced the school's reliance on the grid, leading to cost savings on electricity bills and a reduced carbon footprint. The PV system also provided educational opportunities for students, allowing them to learn about renewable energy and sustainability firsthand. Furthermore, the design took into consideration safety measures, including proper grounding, surge protection, and backup power systems, to ensure the continuity of electricity supply in case of grid failure or maintenance. Overall, the design of the electrical installation with an integrated PV system for the school exemplifies a sustainable and forward-thinking approach to meeting energy needs in educational institutions. The successful implementation of this project serves as a model for other schools and institutions looking to embrace renewable energy solutions and reduce their environmental impact while providing a reliable and efficient electrical infrastructure.

With the development of the electrical network and the tools used in it such as motors, types of lighting, and the increasing efficiency, and at the same time the high rise in the price and demand for energy, especially in institutions in which energy consumption is very high. We have become in great need in order to preserve that energy, initiate and audit it well in order to obtain a possible value of energy at the lowest cost, , and then identifying the things that need to be replaced or improved This system is designed to save the load of the building while the excess energy will be injected into the network and the building load is mainly provided through the solar cells. However, if the energy produced by the photovoltaic matrix and the battery cannot meet the load the generator will cover the power deficit. In this research, a new improvement method was developed taking into account the maximum availability and minimum cost of system capital for the optimal size of the photovoltaic power generation system to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed optimization method and was compared to the method used in the Homer program.

Through the next several decades, thanks to renewable energy technologies, to their continually improving performance, low cost, growing recognition of their environmental, and economical saving. These will grow increasingly competitive with Traditional energy technologies. The solar energy harnessing system offers advantages in that; it emits no pollutants into the atmosphere as there are with the combustion of fossil fuels. The idea of the project is to study the design of the network connected to the photovoltaic system, by working with more than one scenario to achieve the best production and cost design for the benefit of the well of the Kafr El-Labad Cooperative Society. The capacity of the pump is approximately 120 horsepower, in addition to the presence of a few lighting loads. Longitude = 35.1100 degrees east, latitude = 32.2970 degrees north. Where we will analyze and develop this station from the technical and economic point of view, and thus we will present proposals and recommendations to raise the efficiency of the system.

The idea of the project is to designing of a grid-connected photovoltaic system, where photovoltaic systems are defined as a means of generating electrical energy by converting solar radiation into direct electricity using semiconductors that carry the photovoltaic effect. The design was done by working with more than one scenario based on changing the tilt angle to reach the best design in terms of production and cost for the Munib Al-Masry building (College of Economics). The building contains multiple loads, including lighting, air conditioning, elevators, computer labs, cameras, alarms, and other loads. The area of the building is (2547.6580 m2), as it consists of four floors, a basement, and a staircase next to the building. The angle of inclination of the building from the south is (52o) from the southwest, and its coordinates are as follows: Longitude = 35.0197oE, Latitude = 32.31212oN.

Even though the technology developed with high accuracy and efficiency we still sometimes can find some defect product that reached the end user. So that, there is a need to solve this issue to reduce the probability of this error and minimize the number of defected products. In general the probability of error means defect product and the high probability of error means an increase in the number of defect product. Sometimes the probability of error can be increased because of different reasons, for example in 2016 Mars company one of the biggest chocolate makers in the world forced to recall there product from 55 countries because they found a little pieces of plastic in their products. This scenario could happen at any stage of the production process. There are many reasons that increase the probability of errors, for example it can be due to human fault or failure in a machine that had not been noticed for a while. High probability of error increases number of products that not meet requirements to be sold in markets. And if you decide to sell this defect product in market you will lose trust of consumers and it may be used by your competitors. The main objective of the proposed Checkweigher project is to enhance the detection probability of error occurrence. Then alert the user if there is a problem in the production line which will decrease time to discover it to solve it.

Solar Panel has a huge effect on our world. It can help our environment to be better without using other power generation plants that can harm the environment, but solar power plant needs to be cleaned regularly. If the solar panel is not cleaned regularly, then the dust in environment accumulates on the surface of the solar panel. This dust converts into a thick sticky layer due to morning dewdrops. Due to this dust, the efficiency of the solar panel decreased. In this project, we design a cleaning system for a solar panel which can be operated automatically and it helps us to clean solar panels without any efforts. This system reduces human efforts, it saves time, and it works automatically. Overall it increases the efficiency of the solar panel. The cleaning is achieved using a water-based Roller brush. Two ac motors with inverters are used for the brush and the system’s assembly motions. A control unit based on Arduino is built to perform the cleaning task with the aid of limit switches, relays, electric valves, and other electrical and electronic tools. The brush is attached to the moveable assembly of the system. This brush remains in contact with the panel. When the assembly of the system moves, water flow through sprinkles on panels and brush move on the surface of the panel and removes the dust. The proposed system is tested and evaluated by comparing the electrical parameters (maximum power, voltage, and current) for the solar panel before and after cleaning. Results show that the efficiency is increased when the solar panel is regularly cleaned.

Firefighting is one of the most dangerous professions due to its unsafe and constantly changing environment. Firefighters may be required to operate under conditions with a high level of uncertainty and must make time-critical decisions using insufficient information. Firefighting robots are specialized robots that are designed to assist with firefighting and rescue operations. These robots can be used to enter hazardous environments that may be too dangerous for human firefighters, such as buildings that are on fire or have collapsed. In this project, we propose a prototype for a remotely-controlled firefighting robot that is equipped with water pump. The robot uses WiFi based ESP32-CAM Module that will assist the firefighting and rescue operations by providing a video streaming from the fire environment. This will help the operator to make the correct decisions and movements to perform the firefighting task effectively. In addition, the camera module will provide the operator with an updated information on the environment conditions and will help searching for trapped people. Basically, the proposed firefighting robot prototype consists of: Driving system that allows the robot to move around, water pump for fire extinguishing, camera module, and a microcontroller.

In this project, a pots filling and covering production line pneumatically actuated had no control systems, was maintained and equipped with an industrial control system (ICS) to supervise and control its operation in the required sequence, starting from pots insertion, filling, covering with tin foils, covering with plastic covers and finally taking the products away about the production track. The control system is a simple IC system that contains sensors, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and a Human Machine Interface (HMI) screen which represents the link between the production line and the user giving him the validity to control and supervise the whole operation by sending instructions to the PLC and showing the acquired data by the sensors. The system provides both automatic operation as a main option and manual operation option which is useful for faults detection and handling. Also the system can be used for filling and covering different products by simple changes of some parameters.

With the development of the electrical network and the tools used in it such as motors, types of lighting, and the increasing efficiency, and at the same time the high rise in the price and demand for energy, especially in institutions in which energy consumption is very high. We have become in great need in order to preserve that energy, initiate and audit it well in order to obtain a possible value of energy at the lowest cost, and then identifying the things that need to be replaced or improved. This system is designed to save the load of the building while the excess energy will be injected into the network and the building load is mainly provided through the solar cells. However, if the energy produced by the photovoltaic matrix and the battery cannot meet the load the generator will cover the power deficit. In this research, a new improvement method was developed considering the maximum availability and minimum cost of system capital for the optimal size of the photovoltaic power generation system to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed optimization method and was compared to the method used in the Homer program.

The palm tree is infected annually with palm AIDS, which is the penetration of the red palm weevil into the trunk of the palm tree and gnaws it at it without clear symptoms appearing, as the symptoms appear after it is too late and the inability to treat the palm tree. Sensors (sound sensor, radiological imaging sensor, and soil moisture and acidity sensors) and processed immediately by a robot that we designed so that it carries therapeutic methods on two arms, the robot receives the signal from the sensor circuit that we designed and linked together to start treatment, we tried the robot that we designed By representing the presence of the insect, the robot's response was by receiving the signal from the sensors as required of it.

Through the next several decades, thanks to renewable energy technologies, to their continually improving performance, low cost, growing recognition of their environmental, and economical saving. These will grow increasingly competitive with Traditional energy technologies. The solar energy harnessing system offers advantages in that; it emits no pollutants into the atmosphere as there are with the combustion of fossil fuels. The idea of the project is to study the design of the network connected to the photovoltaic system, by working with more than one scenario to achieve the best production and cost design for the benefit of the well of the Kafr El-Labad Cooperative Society. The capacity of the pump is approximately 120 horsepower, in addition to the presence of a few lighting loads. Longitude = 35.1100 degrees east, latitude = 32.2970 degrees north. Where we will analyze and develop this station from the technical and economic point of view, and thus we will present proposals and recommendations to raise the efficiency of the system.

Optimizing irrigation efficiency with a smart sensor system is essential for sustainable agriculture and water conservation efforts. This abstract highlights the key points of the topic and the research conducted in this field. The use of smart sensor systems in agriculture has increased in recent years due to their ability to optimize irrigation efficiency by providing real-time data on soil moisture levels, weather conditions, and crop requirements. By analyzing the data, farmers can determine the precise amount of water required for crops, reducing water wastage and maximizing crop yields. This thesis explores the benefits and challenges of optimizing irrigation efficiency with a smart sensor system, including site evaluation, sensor selection, installation, calibration, data analysis, and irrigation control. The study uses a methodology that involves installing soil moisture sensors and weather sensors, calibrating the sensors, analyzing the data, and controlling the irrigation system based on the analysis. The results of the study show that using a smart sensor system can significantly reduce water usage and increase crop yields, leading to improved resource management and increased profitability for farmers. Overall, this thesis contributes to the existing literature on smart sensor systems and their role in optimizing irrigation efficiency in agriculture. The findings suggest that a smart sensor system can be an effective tool for water conservation and sustainable agriculture practices, and provide important insights for future research and practice in the field.

DC motors are widely used in various industrial, commercial, and residential applications due to their simplicity, reliability, and versatility. However, to achieve precise control over the speed, direction, and torque of a DC motor, a closed-loop control system is often required. In this project, we explore the design, implementation, and evaluation of a closed-loop control system for a DC motor, using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The project consists of several stages, including system modeling and simulation, hardware implementation, user interface design, and performance evaluation. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the closed-loop control system is capable of achieving accurate and stable motor control, with fast response time and minimal overshoot. The system can also be easily customized and expanded to suit different motor specifications and control requirements. This project contributes to the advancement of DC motor control technology and opens up new opportunities for practical applications in various fields.

To some daily problems Agricultural activity results from increased natural activity; So what you remember is good; In addition to the basic commodities that are used in basic commodities; Adding an important element in Palestinian exports. It reduces modern agriculture in Palestine by relying on agriculture. The number of workers in the agricultural sector: According to the report of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, “The Performance of the Palestinian Economy, 2021” issued in May 2022. The number of workers in the agricultural sector in 2021 was about 59,600, of whom 44,000 were from the West Bank, and 15,600 were from the Gaza Strip. While the number of workers in the agricultural sector in 2013 was about 82,700, of whom 59,900 were from the West Bank, and 22,800 were from the Gaza Strip. Hence, we have the idea of developing agriculture using modern methods, including temperature monitoring and soil moisture sensing, where each sensor unit has been allocated to a dedicated tank whose pump is controlled by a relay with a green LED in the normal state and a red LED in the state of alarm. In one of the tanks, a water sensor was placed for each tank with a green LED notification for the normal state and a red LED for the alarm, and then making a call and sending a text message notifying the farm owner of the empty tank. intended for pumps

As the smart grid will add flexibility to the electric power system and increase network reliability, this project is concerned with preparing a solid protection system to protect the network from error and return it to a normal state in a short time. Relays will reduce outages and their consequences, ensure quick network recovery, and make the electric power system more prepared for emergencies. A set of relays and circuit breakers were added to the network and programmed with Arduino before being connected to the ESP32 piece, with the working status displayed on the display screen.

The program, was programmed based on the desired goal through the elements and devices that were used in this project. A result will be reached, which is to maintain equilibrium regardless of the external forces affecting the engine speed, A certain value of the angle will be entered through the MATLAB program, which will be shown on the ground with the greatest accuracy through the rotation of the engine at a certain speed, Motor speed is controlled by a programmed controller based on what is required. This project has many uses. The project can be developed with limited capabilities by adding some components and devices.

Detecting & tracking fire remotely: It is a system capable of detecting and tracking the fire and helping to extinguish it through a water pump located in an armored structure that is resistant to high temperature and contains sensors capable of reading and exploring the fire and taking temperature readings and the percentage of flammable gases. The project structure contains an Arduino UNO microcontroller programmable through the C++ language, connected with many separate parts, controllable through Bluetooth through a phone application programmed in the language of flutter and linked with a Bluetooth piece connected with the Arduino. The movement system is based on a DC motor with a voltage of 5 volts connected with a rigid chain that can withstand high temperatures. The motors are controlled by the Arduino microcontroller, which takes commands through the phone application. The system contains several sensors, including the flame sensor, which can read the fire with great accuracy, coated with thermal protection to resist high temperatures, and it also contains a flammable gas sensor, a mq-05 sensor. It also contains a water pump located on top of the model that holds a water tank capable of spraying water and helping to partially extinguish the fire. To enable the robot further and increase its capabilities, a CAMERA has been added connected to an ESP32 microcontroller, which is a recently developed and very popular microcontroller because of its many features. Thus, the user is able to see and discover the whereabouts of the robot and its surrounding environment remotely through WIFI.

This project solves the problems of hacking bank vaults. Through a programmed security system integrated with weight sensors, and through specific programming, this system operates the alarm system or not. It measures the weight of the safe every second and checks whether the value of the weight taken matches the stored value. As for entering the safe, there are 3 stages that the user goes through in order to be able to enter the door of the safe. When the user wants to log in, there are several requirements for entry that must be completed and matched in order for the user to be able to log in, which are: Pressing the activation button in order for the system to prepare to receive the user’s information, after which the user enters his password and the system matches it and if it matches the system asks the user to enter his fingerprint and when it matches the door is opened From activating the user information reception system to opening the door. A magnetic lock will be used in this safe that works on a voltage of 12 volts and consists of two pieces to ensure more protection for the safe.

With increased automobile manufacturing and global population, additional parking areas and infrastructure are needed. A new parking system named Smart Parking System (SPS) is suggested in this concept to help vehicles identify spaces available in a parking in less time. We will construct and implement a Smart Parking Prototype system in this project. The automatic car parking system is totally automated; this type of technology is ideal for addressing the issue of a restricted number of parked cars in metropolitan areas. The new technology employs infrared sensors to identify vehicle park occupancy or inappropriate parking behavior. To select the optimal technique for building SPS, many detecting methods are studied and compared. Utilizing the use of particular LEDs, SPS features involve
empty parking space identification, improper parking detection, showcase of parking areas, and dimensional markers forward into parking areas, payment facilities, and various kinds of parking spaces (devoid of life, inhabited, reserved, and handicapped). This study also shows how to use an SPS technology from the time you enter a car park until you discover an empty space. The system architecture specifies key design elements such as sensor placement, the amount of sensors necessary for each level, and interior and outdoor notice boards.

Wind energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources in the world, and the fastest growing because of its unique advantages such as cheap costs, its friendliness to the environment, in addition to providing sources for work, and not being subject to the standard of supply and demand, as it is a natural resource that is not subject to human control. A weather station and controllable wind turbine are designed in this project. Analyzing data is the methodology used to give data and wind turbine control. A weather station is an Arduino -based tool and a mobile App for easy use. The weather station measures the temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction and pressure. Accordingly, the station will make the proper reads for the owner and steering the turbine in the right direction. Although of the physical, technical, and programming difficulties, both the weather station and the mobile App work well. At the end, the objectives of this project are attained and the task proposed is accomplished successfully. The weather station and wind turbine work well and the accuracy of results approaches 80% as there are many limitations pointed out in the thesis. Further improvements and upgrades to the project will help us get better results as introduced in the recommendation.

The main idea of our project is designing a raspberry pi based glasses for blind people. A digital camera will record a video and the video will be analyzed by a program written in python language, and using object detection functions. The program will detect many objects in front of the intended person, and send data to Raspberry pi processor, which include object name, and its distance with respect to the person, this will trigger a voice message mentioning the name of the object and its distance. Also a microphone will use to receive commands from the user, and send this commands to the raspberry pi processor to do it. Finally, if the user needs help, just say (HELP) on the microphone to send a Whatsapp message to phone number it is predetermined.

High Speed brushless DC (BLDC) motors are commonly used in quad-copter rotors, drones, electrical scooters and in radio-controlled systems. Micro controllers are commonly used to control such BLDC motors. However, programming a micro controller requires understanding of an assembly language and the limited memory space available in a micro controller limits its use for various applications. Arduino is a microcontroller unit, which runs at 5V. It has wide applications in robotics and automation. In this work, the control of a BLDC motor using an Arduino is detailed. Programming is done using Arduino C language. PWM technique is adopted for programming to control the electronic speed controller which in turn activates BLDC with power from batteries. Brushless DC motors have some significant advantages over their competitors, such as brushed motors, largely because of electronic commutation. It allows the controller to switch the current promptly and thus regulate the motor’s characteristics effectively. In this project, we supplied a technical review for BLDC motor. This project is an explanation of the six steps for Sensored BLDC motor to complete an electrical cycle, how to control the motor speed, explanation of how the motor driver works using Arduino Uno, and the driver parts also a try to simulate on proteus program

The power system is divided into three sections: Generation, Distribution and Transmission. Various types of faults occurred in this system that should be isolated. In this module we included the Arduino UNO, to drive the relay, a resistor, LCD display, moving switches to create fault. as per the programming of Arduino UNO when we create the fault across any line LCD displayed the output as ,”Fault occurred in that particular line(i.e. R,Y,B) at the distance(1km,2km,3km,4km)”. The output which shows on the LCD display depends on where we create a fault and in which line. In this project, we represent a piece of the 11-kilovolt network in Tulkarm Governorate (Irtah Street), with an approximate length of 5 km.

Our project is to make load flow analysis for Anabta town Electrical Network using ETAP software to improve the power factor and to reduce the electrical losses in the network and so reducing the penalties in the total tariff for the municipality and increasing the reliability of the network, and Design PV System for Electrical Network of the Anabta town.

An inrush current is produced when an electric load is turned on. Induction Motor draws a high starting current during starting period which effects on electromagnetic torque, speed and current. Many methods can be used to start AC induction motors. Choices such as full voltage, reduced voltage either by autotransformer or star - Delta, a soft starter, or usage of an adjustable speed drive can all have potential advantages and tradeoffs. Reduced voltage starting can lower the starting torque and help prevent damage to the load. Choosing the proper starting method for a motor will include an analysis of the power system as well as the starting load to ensure that the motor is designed to deliver the needed performance while minimizing its cost.
In this project an educational starting board of three phase squirrel cage induction motor for electrical machine lab in Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie) will be designed which will allow students to learn several general methods of starting three phase squirrel cage induction motors: full voltage (DOL), reduced voltage (Y-Δ, Autotransformer and Soft Starter) and variable frequency drives (VFD).
The direct conduction current was the highest starting current and the rest of the methods solved this problem as this project will show.

Under frequency load shedding (UFLS) is a method to tackle frequency drop caused by power deflection due to overloading the network or losing generation unit (Islanding). This deflection leads to imbalance of the consumption-generation power in the electric power system. UFLS aims to protect the electric power system against a blackout when a severe disturbance occurs. Decentralized UFLS schemes remove a pre-specified amount of load after a pre-determined time delay without considering the disturbance location or dip in bus voltage.

Recently, most researchers study an adaptive UFLS. This study introduces an implementation of simulated, centralized, and automated adaptive UFLS scheme based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. It estimates the total amount of load to be shed based on the rate of change of frequency, and then suitable loads are chosen to be shed among load buses according to the voltage dip at them, and equal to the estimated power deflection. The implemented scheme aims to restore the system frequency and voltage to their allowable limits. The results of the proposed technique will have expected to show adaptability and suitability for implementation in the modern industry.

Today, technology is developing in the same direction in line with rapidly increasing of human needs. The work done to meet these needs makes life easier every day, and these studies are concentrated in robotics studies. Actually in recent year’s scientists use the word "Robot" to mean any man-made machine that can perform work or other action normally performed by humans, either automatically or by remote control because of this robot pervasive machine because of it is accuracy of work and doing thing that people can’t do in addition robot can work in dangerous regions that human can’t work in it because of all these reason robot became one of the most popular thing that scientists still persevere to make it better by finding new controllers and designs that make robot more efficient and more reliable and in our project we have built a robot arm with 5 DOF (degree of freedom). In fact there are several methods were implemented to make a 5-DOF manipulator capable of performing pick-and-place operations. but the problem is that all the controller is relentless that mean if we need to change the program of the arm we have to reboot and write or designs another one and upload it to arm robot this way apparently is not efficient, on balance we choose a different and unconventional method to control the robot arm by using image processor device that called (Kinect).

This project has hardware and software components in order to help the bodybuilder to get maximum benefit extraction and avoid injuries from bodybuilding exercises. The hardware components are based on two types of sensors: flex sensor is used to give us indicators about the state of the muscle that we need to apply the exercise on. The Auxometer sensor gives us information about the location of muscle by the X-coordinate, the Y-coordinate and the z-coordinate.
The smart control unit which is based on Arduino takes the output of these sensors and compares it with the actual values that we took from the experiment. Consequently, the Arduino shows information to the bodybuilder to tell him to modify his state or location in order to achieve the main goal from exercises. This information can be shown to the bodybuilder by many ways as a recorded voice, or we can use LCD to show him/her.

In Tulkarm city a stable supply of electricity from the grid cannot be taken for granted. It is therefore important to investigate possibilities on how to improve the supply for areas of the society that suffers the most from these flaws. Power outage or power line disturbances have detrimental effect on the operation of critical loads like computer controlling important process or medical equipment. In these times, the education in Palestine has become electronic education due to Corona virus. Therefore, an alternative source must be provided that ensures the continuity of energy within the facilities.

The UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) technology has come far but has not yet become a common part in electric system for residential consumers in the region. Solar Power and UPS are two technologies that are growing rapidly. The demand for solar energy is mainly driven by the trend towards cheaper solar cells, making it economically profitable for a larger range of applications. It is in the topic of how to design a UPS system with solar power for the residential consumers that this thesis focuses on.

The study is divided into two parts. The first part is a computer simulation using MATLAB Simulink, which has an explorative method and aims to simulate a combined system before experimenting physically with it to ensure the correct functioning of the system. The second part consists of experiment on a physical prototype system based on basic UPS and solar power components.

The results from the prototype system show that adding solar power to an UPS system does not interfere with UPS functionality in any major way. The additional power station that the solar panels constitute can increase system performance during certain operational conditions.

The power systems protection laboratory is designed to directly apply theory learned in lectures to devices that will be studied in the laboratory. Power system protection is concerned with protecting electrical power systems from faults within the network by isolating the faulted components so as to leave as much of the remaining the electrical network operational as possible. Moreover, by properly protecting the system components from overloading, the probability of fires and other catastrophic and expensive system failures can be minimized.

In understanding power protection, it is necessary to understand what is actually being protected. Providing superior protection is essential in mitigating the effects of disruptions on system stability. As such, it is essential for power engineers to understand the concepts and practices underlying power protection.

The creation of a Power System Protection Lab at Palestine Technical University gives students the opportunity to gain some real world experience in protection. Moreover, a laboratory of this type facilitates educational opportunities. It also provides numerous additional benefits such as research. The overall objective of this project is to test devices in the laboratory, conduct experiments on them, and prepare a laboratory manual.